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Rosenfeld, R., Rojek, J., & Decker, S. (2012). Age matters: Race differences in police searches of young and older male drivers. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 49(1), 31-55.
Prior research on police searches of motorists has consistently found that Black drivers are more likely to be searched than…
Read moreJobard, F., & Lévy, R. (2011). Racial profiling: The Parisian police experience. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 53(1), 87-93.
The controversy over racial profiling in policing that is explored within the pages of the Canadian Journal of Criminology and…
Read moreGiles, H., Linz, D., Bonilla, D., & Gomez, M. L. (2012). Police stops of and interactions with Latino and White (non-Latino) drivers: Extensive policing and communication accommodation. Communication Monographs, 79(4), 407-427.
Following previous research on traffic stops involving police officers with African American and White drivers, a content analysis of 69…
Read moreCarroll, L., & Gonzalez, M. L. (2014). Out of place: Racial stereotypes and the ecology of frisks and searches following traffic stops. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 51(5), 559-584.
Objectives: Test hypotheses drawn from Smith and Alpert's social conditioning theory that explains biased policing as the result of implicit…
Read moreConstantinou, A. G. (2016). “Demystifying” the police: a participant observation study of police stops (and searches). International journal of comparative and applied criminal justice, 40(1), 79-99.
Police are empowered by law to stop and search vehicles and their occupants, once reasonable grounds for suspicion come into…
Read moreBlalock, G., DeVaro, J., Leventhal, S., & Simon, D. H. (2011). Gender bias in power relationships: evidence from police traffic stops. Applied Economics, 43(29), 4469-4485.
We test for the existence of gender bias in power relationships. Speci cally, we examine whether police offcers are less…
Read moreAlpert, Geoffrey P., John M. MacDonald, and Roger G. Dunham. “Police suspicion and discretionary decision making during citizen stops.” Criminology 43.2 (2005): 407-434.
This study examines the influence of racial, demographic and situational variables on types of police suspicion and the ancillary decision…
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