Keskinen, S. P., Aminkeng Atabong, A., Himanen, M., Kivijärvi, A., Osazee, U., Rousku, V., & Pöyhölä, N. (2018). The Stopped-Ethnic profiling in Finland.

This research examined ethnic profiling in Finland with a focus on its prevalence, forms and interpretations of (1) people who experienced profiling and (2) the police. The study also analysed the practices and logics that can lead to ethnic profiling. The research sought to produce knowledge of the ethnicised, racialised, gendered and age-based distinctions and practices related to profiling. Moreover, it examined the effects of ethnic profiling of those targeted by it and the strategies they use in and after situations they experienced as ethnic profiling. The study made use of several kinds of quantitative and qualitative methods and data: individual and focus group interviews, participatory observation, and survey questionnaires. Altogether 185 persons were interviewed. 145 belonged to ethnicised/racialised minorities and were interviewed about their experiences of ethnic profiling. Moreover, 26 police officers and 14 other experts were interviewed. The interviews were conducted in the Helsinki metropolitan area and Turku between 2015 and 2017. The survey data (N=362) included young adult respondents of 15–29 years from the Finnish majority population and four ethnic minority groups (Russian, Kurdish, Arabic and Somali speakers).