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Bowling, B., & Phillips, C. (2007). Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search. Modern Law Review, 70(6), 936-961.
Eight years after the Lawrence Inquiry, the question of police powers to stop and search people in public places remains…
Read moreBowling, B. (2008). Zero policy: Critiques the commitment to ‘zero tolerance’ arguing that it sanctions police abuse of stop-and-search powers. Criminal Justice Matters, 71(1), 6-7.
Discussion of 'zero tolerance' styles of policing into political agenda
Read moreBradford, B., & Topping, J. (2018). Now you see it, now you don’t: On the (in)visibility of police stop and search in Northern Ireland. Criminology and Criminal Justice (2018) (In Press), Criminology and Criminal Justice (2018) (In press).
Police stop and search practices have been subject to voluminous debate for over forty years in the United Kingdom. Yet…
Read moreAvdija, A. (2014). Police Stop-and-Frisk Practices: An Examination of Factors That Affect Officers’ Decisions to Initiate a Stop-and-Frisk Police Procedure. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 16(1), 26-35.
The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that affect an officer's decision to initiate a stop-and-frisk procedure.…
Read moreBarnum, C., & Perfetti, R. (2010). Race-Sensitive Choices by Police Officers in Traffic Stop Encounters. Police Quarterly, 13(2), 180-208.
This study introduces a statistical estimator that can be used to examine disproportionate traffic stop behavior of police officers. This…
Read moreBelur, J. (2011). Police stop and search in India: Mumbai nakabandi. Policing and Society, 21(4), 420-431.
The Indian police have wide discretionary powers of stop and search. One peculiar and regular manifestation of this power is…
Read moreBlalock, G., DeVaro, J., Leventhal, S., & Simon, D. H. (2011). Gender bias in power relationships: evidence from police traffic stops. Applied Economics, 43(29), 4469-4485.
We test for the existence of gender bias in power relationships. Speci cally, we examine whether police offcers are less…
Read moreAlpert, Geoffrey P., John M. MacDonald, and Roger G. Dunham. “Police suspicion and discretionary decision making during citizen stops.” Criminology 43.2 (2005): 407-434.
This study examines the influence of racial, demographic and situational variables on types of police suspicion and the ancillary decision…
Read moreAriel, B., & Tankebe, J. (2018). Racial stratification and multiple outcomes in police stops and searches. Policing and Society, 28(5), 507-525.
The present study explores ethnic differences in stop-and-search outcomes. It uses data from 53,858 stop-and-search incidents recorded by a United…
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