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Holmberg, L. (2000). “Discretionary Leniency and Typological Guilt: Results from a Danish Study of Police Discretion.” Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 1(2): 179-194.

discretion, discrimination, police decisions

Results from a qualitative study of police discretion in Denmark are presented. The aim of the study was to investigate…

Holmberg, L., & Kyvsgaard, B. (2003). Are immigrants and their descendants discriminated against in the Danish criminal justice system? . Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 4, 125–142.

Conviction, Arrest, discrimination, minorities

The study presents Danish data from 2000 showing disparities between persons with a Danish background and persons with a foreign…

Hunold, D., Oberwittler, D., & Lukas, T. (2016). ‘I’d like to see your identity cards please’–Negotiating authority in police–adolescent encounters: Findings from a mixed-method study of proactive police practices towards adolescents in two German cities. European Journal of Criminology, 13(5), 590-609.

procedural justice, Legitimacy, participant observation, police, urban riots

Next to exclusionary and discriminatory practices in other live domains, tense police–adolescent relations and the treatment of ethnic minority adolescents…

Ip, J. (2013). The Reform of Counterterrorism Stop and Search after Gillan v United Kingdom. Human Rights Law Review, 13(4), 729-760.

This article considers the reform of the power to stop and search originally conferred by Sections 44 to 47 of…

Ip, J. (2017). The Legality of ‘suspicionless’ Stop and Search Powers under the European Convention on Human Rights. Human Rights Law Review, 17(3), 523-544.

‘suspicionless’ powers, Article 8 European Convention on Human Rights, Schedule 7 Terrorism Act 2000 (UK), section 60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (UK), stop and search, terrorism, United Kingdom

Legal analysis of UK terrorism Acts that permit suspicionless stop and search.

Gau, J. M. (2013). Consent searches as a threat to procedural justice and police legitimacy: An analysis of consent requests during traffic stops. Criminal justice policy review, 24(6), 759-777.

procedural justice, Consent searches, police legitimacy, traffic citations, traffic stops

Consent searches during traffic stops offer police a way to expediently check motorists’ vehicles for contraband. Asking drivers for consent…

Gelman, A., Fagan, J., & Kiss, A. (2007). An analysis of the New York City police department’s “stop-and-frisk” policy in the context of claims of racial bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 102(479), 813-823.

Criminology, hierarchical model, multilevel model, police stops, racial bias

Recent studies by police departments and researchers confirm that police stop racial and ethnic minority citizens more often than whites,…

Giles, H., Linz, D., Bonilla, D., & Gomez, M. L. (2012). Police stops of and interactions with Latino and White (non-Latino) drivers: Extensive policing and communication accommodation. Communication Monographs, 79(4), 407-427.

communication accomodation theory, extensive policing, Latinos, law enforcement, police

Following previous research on traffic stops involving police officers with African American and White drivers, a content analysis of 69…

Haller, M. B., R. Solhjell, E. Saarikkomäki, T. Kolind, G. Hunt, D. Wästerfors (2018). “Minor harassments: Ethnic minority youth in the Nordic countries and their perceptions of the police.” Criminology & Criminal Justice.

procedural justice, Ethnic minority youth, micro-aggressions, minor harassments, Nordic policing

As different social groups are directly and indirectly confronted with diverse forms of police practices, different sectors of the population…

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