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Tyler, T. R., Jackson, J., & Mentovich, A. (2015). The consequences of being an object of suspicion: Potential pitfalls of proactive police contact. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 12(4), 602-636.
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During the latter half of the 20 century American policing became more professional (Skogan & Frydl, 2004) and the rate…
Read moreTyler, T. R., Fagan, J., & Geller, A. (2014). Street stops and police legitimacy: Teachable moments in young urban men’s legal socialization. Journal of empirical legal studies, 11(4), 751-785.
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An examination of the influence of street stops on the legal socialization of young men showed an association between the…
Read moreRengifo, A. F., & Fowler, K. (2016). Stop, question, and complain: citizen grievances against the NYPD and the opacity of police stops across New York City precincts, 2007–2013. Journal of Urban Health, 93(1), 32-41.
civilian complaints, misconduct, policing, question and frisk, stop
Data on police stops can be examined to reflect on the relative “opacity” of these encounters and how aggregate patterns…
Read moreRojek, J., Rosenfeld, R., & Decker, S. (2004). The influence of driver’s race on traffic stops in Missouri. Police Quarterly, 7(1), 126-147.
policing, population weighting, racial profiling, traffic stops
A small but growing body of research has produced several consistent findings regarding race and ethnic differences in traffic stops,…
Read moreRosenfeld, R., Rojek, J., & Decker, S. (2012). Age matters: Race differences in police searches of young and older male drivers. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 49(1), 31-55.
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Prior research on police searches of motorists has consistently found that Black drivers are more likely to be searched than…
Read moreRosenfeld, R., & Fornango, R. (2014). The impact of police stops on precinct robbery and burglary rates in New York City, 2003-2010. Justice Quarterly, 31(1), 96-122.
crime rates, police stops
New York City experienced a dramatic reduction in crime during the 1990s and continuing through the first decade of the…
Read moreRenauer, B. C. (2012). Neighborhood variation in police stops and searches: A test of consensus and conflict perspectives. Police quarterly, 15(3), 219-240.
conflict theory, racial profiling, racial threat, social conditioning
This study examines consensus and conflict approaches to explaining police stop and search rates in 94 neighborhoods. Police deployment, racial…
Read moreNorris, C., Fielding, N., Kemp, C., & Fielding, J. (1992). Black and blue: An analysis of the influence of race on being stopped by the police. British Journal of Sociology, 207-224.
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This article addresses the debate over the disproportionate representation of black people in the criminal justice system, with particular reference…
Read moreMiller, J., et al. (2008). Racism and police stops: Adapting US and British debates to continental Europe. European journal of criminology, 5(2), 161-191.
disproportionality, Ethnic profiling, Institutional racism, police stops racial profiling
Findings from an international research programme on police stops in Bulgaria, Hungary and Spain are reviewed in the context of…
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COST Action COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.
